Ingredient dictionary

Nitrocellulose

Also listed as: Cellulose Nitrate

A film-forming material made from plant cellulose that dries into a hard, glossy layer, mainly on nails. It is on the label of 20 products in our library. Checked against our library November 6, 2026.

What Nitrocellulose does

Forms a hard, glossy film
Helps color stick to the nail
Adds shine and a smooth finish

Nitrocellulose starts as cellulose, the fiber that gives plants their structure. Makers treat it with nitric acid, which changes how the fiber behaves. The treated material dissolves in solvents, and when those solvents evaporate, it leaves a thin, clear film behind. It has been used in coatings for a long time.

In nail polish, it is the film former that holds the color and gives the shine. Formulators like it for good adhesion and a smooth, even finish. Because it can turn brittle on its own, it is usually blended with softeners called plasticizers. The result is a hard, glossy layer that stays flexible enough to wear well.

Good for

Suits anyone wanting a classic, glossy nail finish, since it is a key film former in traditional nail polish.

Frequently asked questions

Is nitrocellulose flammable?

Dry nitrocellulose burns easily, so manufacturers ship it damp with alcohol or water. In finished nail polish it is mixed into flammable solvents, so keep bottles away from heat and open flames. Used as directed, it is a common and well-understood ingredient.

Is nitrocellulose the same as cellulose?

No. Cellulose is the plant fiber itself. Nitrocellulose is cellulose treated with nitric acid, which changes how it behaves. It dissolves in common solvents and forms a film, which plain cellulose generally does not do.